๐ Yield & Recovery Calculator
Calculate percentage yield and percentage recovery for reactions, extractions and analytical method validation.
Common guidance ranges
Often-cited recovery ranges: ~98โ102% for assay, ~70โ120% for trace analysis โ actual criteria are method- and concentration-dependent under ICH Q2(R1).
Pass/Fail guidance
Each result shows whether it meets typical acceptance criteria.
Always free
No sign up, no limits. Use for every experiment and validation.
Frequently asked questions
What's the difference between percent yield and percent recovery?
Percent yield typically compares the actual amount of product obtained from a reaction to the theoretical maximum based on stoichiometry. Percent recovery compares a measured amount to a known or expected amount, often used to assess how much material survives a purification or extraction step. This page's dedicated Percent Recovery Calculator covers the recovery case specifically.
Why is actual yield almost always lower than theoretical yield?
Real reactions rarely go to 100% completion, and additional product is typically lost during workup, purification, and transfer steps (e.g. residue left in glassware, incomplete recrystallization). Theoretical yield assumes perfect stoichiometric conversion with no losses, which is essentially never achieved in practice.
What does % w/v solution preparation mean?
% w/v (weight/volume) expresses how many grams of solute are dissolved per 100 mL of final solution โ for example, preparing a 10% w/v solution means dissolving 10 g of solute and bringing the total volume to 100 mL with solvent.
Accuracy & how this is derived
Derivation: Percent yield is calculated as (actual amount / theoretical amount) ร 100, based on reaction stoichiometry. % w/v solution mass is calculated directly from the target percentage and volume.
Validated against: Standard stoichiometric yield calculation used throughout synthetic and analytical chemistry.
โ ๏ธ For educational and research support only โ verify critical results independently before use in regulated, clinical, or publication-bound work.
โ Last updated: July 2026 ยท Report an error
% Yield, % recovery, and % w/v in research
% Yield = (actual product / theoretical product) × 100, used in synthesis. % Recovery = (amount found / amount spiked) × 100, used in analytical method validation. ICH Q2(R1) acceptance: 98–102% for assay, 70–120% for trace methods. % w/v = (g solute / mL solution) × 100. A 5% w/v NaCl solution = 5 g NaCl dissolved to a final volume of 100 mL. Dissolve in ~80% of the final volume first, then make up to volume.